Decades of research, as well as PERIL and Jigsaw’s own peer-reviewed output, demonstrates that inoculation reduces viewers’ support for these attitudes and beliefs, lessens the credibility of their purveyors, and lowers viewers’ enjoyment of hateful content. PERIL and Jigsaw’s work has demonstrated the effectiveness of attitudinal inoculation against topics ranging from scientific racism and male supremacy to vaccine hesitancy and common tropes of conspiracy theory culture. Ongoing research seeks to address other varieties of disinformation and propaganda, while rolling out inoculation messages to the public through our partners in education and tech. Below are three fields in which the partnered work between Jigsaw and PERIL have been peer reviewed and published.